Objective/purpose: Given the challenges demonstrated in engaging eligible participants in lung cancer screening programs internationally, participation in screening must be optimised. This study compared the engagement strategies, eligibility criteria and estimated reach of lung cancer screening programs in Australia and 10 other countries.
Procedures: A policy landscape analysis and modelling the potential reach of lung cancer screening programs was undertaken. A model was developed using population data, smoking statistics and pilot study estimates of smokers meeting risk prediction model thresholds. Data from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project was used to compute pack-years for current and past smokers. An estimate of the number of current smokers considered eligible for each country was calculated by applying their respective programs eligibility criteria.
Results: The policy analysis demonstrated that eight (73%) countries utilised pack-years to measure smoking intensity, with four countries adopting 30 pack years as an eligibility requirement. The remaining programs utilised risk prediction models to determine eligibility. Most programs (58%) did not have clear approaches or strategies to engage key population groups.
Modelling estimated that 1.6% of Australia's total population were eligible for lung cancer screening, reflecting current smokers who met the criteria. Eligibility in other countries ranged from 2.5% to 6.4% of the population, exceeding 5% in European countries (Czechia, Croatia, and Poland). Broader age ranges, lower pack-year thresholds, and higher smoking rates contributed to greater estimated program reach.
Conclusions: Australia’s lung cancer screening program is estimated to reach the smallest proportion of people compared to other programs internationally. As Australia’s program commences, maximising throughput will support improved lung cancer outcomes. Consideration of equitable access across key population groups should remain a priority, with few countries developing strategies for equitable access. Expanding eligibility criteria for Australia’s program in future years could further reduce avoidable lung cancer deaths.