Objectives/purpose
To investigate the impact of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in relation to post-operative nutrition and swallowing outcomes.
Sample and setting
A prospective longitudinal cohort study at a tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Australia, from January 2024 to March 2025. Inclusion criteria: adults with untreated oropharyngeal cancer planned for primary TORS and able to give informed consent. Exclusion criteria: TORS for salvage surgery.
Procedures
Outcome data were collected at baseline (pre-operative) and at 2-weeks and 3-months post-operatively. Nutrition outcomes included weight (kg), nutritional status (PG-SGA), and tube feeding status. Swallowing outcomes included diet and fluid status using the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation (IDDSI) and the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI).
Results
Nine male patients were recruited (median age 66, range 40-83). Diagnosis was predominantly oropharyngeal scc (T stage 0-3; N stage 0-2). Eight patients had a neck dissection, and five patients had adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy. Eight patients were well-nourished pre-operatively (SGA A) and one patient had moderate malnutrition (SGA B).
At 2-weeks post-op, two patients were nil by mouth (n=1 gastrostomy; n=1 nasogastric tube), with three patients now malnourished (SGA B). Weight loss varied between 2.1% to 6.5%. Four patients required puree or minced diet and one required thickened fluids. Median Global MDADI score was 2 (range 1-5) - low functioning.
At 3-months post-op, one patient had died of unrelated causes (gastrostomy in situ). Six patients were on regular diet and thin fluids. Two patients required texture modification (soft, puree) and two needed thickened fluids. Median Global MDADI score improved to 4 (range 2-5). Only one patient remained malnourished but requested nasogastric tube removal against advice.
Conclusion and clinical implications
There are significant nutritional and swallowing problems following TORS in the acute perioperative period requiring dietetic and speech pathology input. Routine review of all patients undergoing TORS is recommended until clinically stable.