1 in 4 dogs and 1 in 5 cats are diagnosed with spontaneous cancers in their lifetime, and veterinary oncology has become a well-established field globally. Diagnoses and treatments available are typically less advanced than those seen in human medicine. However, pillars of therapy, such as surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, are all available to the veterinary oncologist. The topic of this presentation is translational veterinary oncology. This area is defined as a situation where a domestic species with a spontaneous neoplasm acts as a pre-clinical model of a particular disease or novel therapy for humans. This presentation will highlight two canine diseases of translational potential: canine osteosarcoma and glioma. Exploring current knowledge and treatment of these diseases in the veterinary field and the role of translational research in expanding treatment options for both dogs and humans.