Background: Radiation forms the basis of many successful anti-cancer treatment regimens, however through the nondiscriminatory killing healthy cells, it drives a range of debilitating and highly impactful side effects. One of the most common side effects is radiation-induced dermatitis (RID), occurring in up to 95% of people undergoing radiation therapy. Although common, RID cannot be prevented and is inadequately managed with various topical solutions. Parthenolide has emerged as a promising radioprotective agent for the management of RID. The REPAIR-1 study is a phase 0, prospective, non-randomised, double-blind, interventional pilot study which aims to assess the efficacy of topical parthenolide application in limiting severe RID.
Methods: The REPAIR-1 study is being conducted at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia, Australia. Eligible participants for the REPAIR-1 study include adults diagnosed with locally advanced cancer of the head/neck scheduled to receive definitive, bilateral radiation therapy. Once enrolled, eligible participants will receive application of a 1% parthenolide, or placebo lotion, to opposite sides of the head/neck region before and after daily radiation therapy for the duration of their treatment course (6-7 weeks). The primary outcome of this study is absolute RID severity after 4 weeks of radiation therapy defined by both CTCAE v5.0 criteria and the RISRAS tool.
Results: The REPAIR-1 study (ACTRN12625000456459) is active, with a recruitment target of N=10 by Q4 2025.
Conclusion and clinical implications: This study aims to establish the feasibility and efficacy of topical parthenolide application as a radioprotective agent, aiming to offer a mechanistically novel approach to prevent RID whilst still ensuring radiation efficacy.