Objective/purpose
In 2023, Aotearoa New Zealand introduced human papillomavirus (HPV) self-testing to improve screening access and reduce inequities. To contribute policy-relevant information supporting this change, this study aimed to assess the potential of mailed at-home self-testing, supported by a central telehealth team, focusing on priority populations.
Sample and setting
We invited participants aged 30-69 years, who were eligible for self-testing and enrolled with the selected primary health organisation between 03/04/2023 and 11/10/2023.
Procedures
Eligible participants were invited via text message and kits were mailed. Follow-up was conducted via telehealth by a centralised nurse-led coordination team. Māori and Pacific people who did not respond were re-invited. An incentive to return a sample was tested in eligible Māori and Pacific in a nested, randomised, controlled trial (RCT).
Results
Of 25,315 people invited, 24% consented to receive a test kit. Almost half (48%) of participants returned a sample; total uptake was 12% (n=2,925). Uptake was significantly lower in all priority groups (p<0.001): Māori (12.7%) and Pacific (8.4%) vs. European/Other (19.0%); overdue for screening by ≥2 years (10.5%) vs. overdue by <6 months (19.4%); those living in high (9.6%) vs. low (13.5%) socioeconomic deprivation levels. In the RCT, no significant difference in sample return was seen between the incentive (7.9%; n=49 of 617) and control (8.5%; n=52 of 609) groups. HPV was detected in 7.7% of 3,018 valid results. Follow-up test rates were high (97% cytology, 90% colposcopy). Almost all survey respondents preferred a mailed at-home self-test for their next screen (92%; n=193 of 210).
Conclusion and clinical implications
Mailed at-home HPV self-testing, supported by telehealth, can engage priority groups in cervical screening and is strongly preferred by participants. It warrants consideration in a broader screening programme to improve access, alongside further strategies to improve sample return rates for priority groups.