Objective: Determine the effects of a novel concurrent cognitive and physical training intervention for cognitive performance and aerobic fitness in men undergoing Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer.
Sample/setting: Men who received at least one dose of ADT in the last 6 months and not currently undergoing any another treatment (ACTRN12623000767606).
Procedures: 19 participants (mean = 71 years; 25% of a priori recruitment target) were randomly assigned to 8 weeks of either: twice weekly moderate intensity cycling on a recumbent bike (physical; n=7); twice weekly physical training while performing simultaneous computerised adaptive cognitive training (BrainHQ) targeting memory, executive function, spatial awareness and reaction time (concurrent; n=6); or wait-list control (n=6). Cognitive performance and aerobic fitness were assessed pre- and post-intervention via a computerised cognitive battery and a submaximal exercise assessment. Consistent with the nature of this pilot investigation, Cohen’s d effect sizes for changes in the concurrent and physical interventions relative to the wait-list control, are reported.
Results: Compared to control, concurrent and physical interventions displayed medium to large effect sizes for speed and accuracy in the executive function (d = 0.56 -1.07), spatial awareness (d = 0.71 – 4.00), reaction time (d = 1.60 – 2.00), and memory tasks (d =0.60 – 2.21). For aerobic fitness, the concurrent and physical interventions demonstrated large changes compared to control (d = 1.33, 1.00 respectively).
Conclusion: This pilot investigation suggests that concurrent or physical only training may be effective over a wait-list control for cognitive performance. Further, adding a cognitive component to physical training does not appear to reduce the aerobic fitness benefits gained from physical training.
Clinical Implications: These findings, if confirmed in a larger clinical trial addressing participation barriers, may be translated into standard clinical practice to improve the cognitive outcomes for men with prostate cancer undergoing ADT.