Background: Trials have shown bevacizumab improves epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) survival in patients at high-risk of progression. An Australian government-subsidy for first-line bevacizumab was introduced in 2014. We assessed (i) use of bevacizumab; and (ii) the association with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the real-world (overall and by subsidy-eligibility).
Methods: We used data from two EOC cohort studies (Ovarian Cancer, Prognosis and Lifestyle study diagnosed 2012-2015; and Australian Ovarian Cancer Study II diagnosed 2015-2021). Those with advanced disease managed with platinum-based chemotherapy were eligible. Criteria for subsidised bevacizumab were performance-status ≤2 and FIGO stage IV or stage IIIB/IIIC with >1cm residual/inoperable disease. We estimated restricted mean survival time (RMST) using generalised linear models (pseudovalue regression method; adjusted for age, stage, germline-BRCA1/2 status, primary or interval cytoreduction, chemotherapy, residual disease, months from diagnosis to chemotherapy completion and study) to assess survival time differences between bevacizumab recipients and non-recipients, measuring survival from primary chemotherapy completion. Those who progressed during chemotherapy were ineligible (n=15). We modeled RMST differences up to 24-months for PFS and 60-months for OS respectively.
Results: Overall, 16% of 1022 participants received first-line bevacizumab, varying from 28% of subsidy-eligible (n=419), to 10% of possibly-eligible (neoadjuvant-chemotherapy+≤1cm residual; n=255) and 7% of subsidy-ineligible (n=348). After subsidisation, uptake increased to 27% overall, and 45%, 15% and 13% by subsidy-eligibility. Overall, PFS was significantly longer in bevacizumab recipients (RMST difference=1.7 months; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]=0.5-3.0); driven by those subsidy-eligible (RMST difference=2.0 months; 95%CI=0.3-3.6). Similar results were seen for OS with an overall difference of 2.7 months (95%CI=-0.3-5.8); and 4.9 months (95%CI=0.6-9.2) longer survival among those subsidy-eligible.
Conclusion: Survival benefits of first-line bevacizumab among patients at high-risk of progression were similar to those seen in trials, with limited benefits beyond this group. Bevacizumab appeared to be under-utilised in those most likely to benefit.