Purpose
This study aimed to illustrate the psychological process from diagnosis to the present in survivors of head and neck cancer, and to identify protective factors against suicidal ideation.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with survivors with head and neck cancer aged 20 and over who had completed treatment and were more than five years post-diagnosis. The interviews covered participants‘ demographic information and emotional experiences from diagnosis to the present, including suicidal ideation. Each interview lasted about 60-70 minutes and was conducted by the first author. Data were analyzed using the Modified Grounded Theory Approach (M-GTA) by four psychologists.
Results
Fifteen participants (4 males, 11 females; aged 37–77, M = 56.3, SD = 11.8) were included. Cancer types were oral (6), salivary gland (5), nasal and paranasal sinus (3), and pharyngeal (1). The analysis yielded 10 major and 27 subcategories. The psychological process ranged from "seeking medical attention" to "redefining the meaning of life and accepting a life that includes illness." Although participants experienced a sense of isolation due to the rarity of their cancers, they were able to reflect on the meaning of survival through various forms of social support.
Discussion:
The cancer diagnosis or functional impairments distanced the participants from social situations, leading them to experience a sense of isolation. Clear explanations by medical staff regarding treatment plans and anticipated functional impairments may help maintain the connection between patients and medical staff. Furthermore, everyday conversations that offer psychological support may serve as protective factors against suicidal ideation. For medical staff to discuss with patients how to communicate illness and impairments to family members can help reduce patients’ sense of isolation and may also lower the risk of suicidal ideation. Additionally, connecting patients with peer supporters who have experienced similar rare cancers can provide valuable emotional support.