Background
Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) is a metastatic cancer with no identified primary site. It is a diagnosis of exclusion after comprehensive evaluation.
In Australia, CUP constitutes 1.6% of all cancers, with incidence falling from 16 to 7.4 per 100,000 persons between 1982 and 2022. The 5-year survival rate remains low at 13%. The Optimal Care Pathway (OCP) was published in 2020 to improve care.
Methods
As part of a project to improve CUP patient outcomes, an online survey was distributed to all the Medical Oncology Group of Australia (MOGA) physician members to assess CUP diagnostic and treatment practices.
The nine-question survey included respondent demographics, assessed their familiarity with the CUP OCP, and focused on the common diagnostic investigations for CUP.
Results
The study was conducted from February 1, 2024, to October 31, 2024, with a total of 63 respondents. The majority (77.4%) practise in both private and public urban hospitals. 82.5% of respondents routinely request serum tumour markers. Nearly all (96.8%) request CT scans as part of routine investigations; PET scans were less frequent (54.1%). In terms of molecular testing to identify the primary site of origin and guide targeted therapies, 34.9% of respondents always request a molecular test while 36.5% do so 50-90% of the time. Six respondents do not use molecular tests at all. Additionally, only 23.8% of respondents are familiar with the CUP OCP.
Conclusions
Molecular testing is crucial for guiding targeted therapies and identifying tumour origin. Although molecular testing is still relatively new, approximately 70% of respondents will utilise molecular testing at least 50% of the time. Only half of respondents utilize PET scan, potentially reflecting resource limitation. Lastly, awareness of the CUP OCP is low, indicating a need for further education.