Background: Patients with a cancer diagnosis often experience anxiety throughout their cancer care from diagnosis to survivorship which can adversely affect outcomes. Unfortunately, many patients with cancer experience unmet needs specifically regarding psychological distress. Group psychotherapy can address the gap by reaching more patients and improving outcomes.
Methods: The following search terms were used on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase: "Anxiety" and "Group psychotherapy" and "Cancer." Inclusion criteria included the following: a) adult patients with a cancer diagnosis in treatment or survivorship 2) randomized control trial study design 3) group-based intervention, and 3) assessment of anxiety.
Results: The search yielded 264 studies with an additional study found via snowballing methodology; a total of 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were predominantly two-armed trials. Group interventions varied across studies with a majority of studies utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (N = 7), Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP) (N = 4), Support Group Psychotherapy (SGP) (N = 3), Supportive Expressive Therapy (SET) (N = 3), and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) (N = 3). The most common assessment of anxiety was the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (N =10). In terms of effectiveness, 11 of the studies found significant improvements in anxiety scores between the group psychotherapy and control conditions. Four studies found Mindfulness-Based Cancer Recovery (MBCR) (N =1), ACT (N = 1), CBT (N =1), and MCGP (N =1) to yield significantly greater improvements in anxiety in comparison to other group psychotherapy interventions. Other studies (N = 11) did not find a significant difference in anxiety scores when comparing conditions. One study found mixed results.
Conclusions: The review provides insight into disseminating evidence-based care. Further three-armed studies are needed to examine distinct benefits. Incorporating group psychotherapy within oncology settings can increase access to effective interventions and improve psychological distress.