Background:
Adolescents and young adults (AYA; aged 15–25 years) undergoing cancer treatment face unique challenges that can significantly impact their nutritional status, growth, development, and overall well-being. While malnutrition and related complications are well documented in paediatric and adult populations, there remains limited understanding of the specific nutritional needs and outcomes of AYA patients.
Methods:
The Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Nutrition (AYCANN) Project employed a mixed-methods design across three interrelated studies. Study 1 was a prospective observational study assessing nutritional status, muscle mass and function, and health-related quality of life at four time-points over six months post-diagnosis. Study 2 involved focus groups with AYA cancer patients to explore their nutrition experiences, unmet needs, and preferences for support. Study 3 used focus groups with oncology healthcare professionals to examine current nutrition care practices, education needs, and service delivery models.
Results:
Among 81 participants, 42% were malnourished at some point during the study, with the highest prevalence at diagnosis (37%). Malnutrition was more common in patients treated in paediatric centres (58%) compared to adult centres (30%). Weight loss was prevalent throughout, peaking at 43% at four months. Nutrition-related concerns such as body image, mood, and dissatisfaction with hospital food were frequently reported. Access to dietetic care varied, with contact ranging from 23–56%, with higher support rates in paediatric settings. Focus group findings highlighted inconsistent nutrition support, limited resources tailored to AYA, and a need for earlier intervention.
Conclusions:
The AYCANN study reveals a high burden of malnutrition and weight loss among AYA with cancer, alongside variable access to nutrition care. Findings support earlier dietitian engagement, standardised screening and referral pathways to optimise nutritional outcomes and the development of targeted AYA-specific nutrition resources.